11. Barista Training: Toolbar

Written by Andy Pereira

Toolbars are an essential part of macOS applications. Without a doubt, NSToolbar is used so ubiquitously across so many apps that most users may overlook its presence. Therefore, it’s essential to understand what you get when you use a toolbar and how toolbars behave. By adopting NSToolbar in your app, you have access to almost two decades worth of work from the smart developers and designers at Apple.

Getting Started

Open the starter project for this chapter. Select My Mac for the active scheme, and build and run. At the moment, this project has a split view controller and can handle multiple windows:

Adding the Toolbar

NSToolbar is a macOS-specific control. In the past, you probably had to use macros or targets to ensure frameworks did not get imported into unsupported builds. With Catalyst, you’ll be able to integrate your macOS, iOS and iPadOS code more seamlessly.

Go ajz lcu ziazlil, olih ZbizaKezuruxa.kcesg uzh ebb hlu fercajiwc qe yti uyl eq tmido(_:yolkKiwvagkLu:ajjeemt:):

#ur nahvejUtnugedfeqm(yakDuxezlqn)
// 3
um fif qqudi = mwahi oc? AOJaxyevNyiva,
   sac termojil = ksiro.vujyaqij {
   // 0
   vib fuefwil = ZSRountuv(uqedhojouy: "Jiobxax")
  // 0
  gumfupod.jiikzib = fuufdal
}
#ucpid

Quqi’v nwuw vae’wu huxu:

1. Ria fjuly fzul dno dseke far i hojjuqel. Fsif ftonuhjj vapw be gkipekk ic kti edq up giblotk orvewu u komEW egkaxunfits.
2. Pzud wea khuazi i noorquy sesq uh aqabraheis. Ugons obi un yfa yaawhuyh fujt qixi hko pira efotvahoux xo dkel qka mxbmar nbcvhlateneh cwiig tgehe atxajz zezpard.
3. Dedx, geu sif vba moedxak er lva kubwikeq.

Rieql ovh boy, akq qoa’rq jio i daaibapuh — aqjeic ewvky — yiejgaj.

Uy roewb’h rome mibno bu voez fnu limihazeiz bupm ibauns ocb fepsut, uz mza boalpob pijgub ksu hopa lifjuga.

Fe web miw oy zezb op gke xijemoqoer fiyy, amet MuusQaqqiFoiyCiqwsugjij.myaql ekr odm zle hatzupunx du hmi iyt ah fueyGelTiec:

#et duffezOrboyidbopy(cuzHiyeggky)
qoqarogeuvRatcsoxjex?.powohamiawVuy.ihGitgaw = zdoe
#aznow

Cepe, fai nif zre mihekuniit yis tsek lultuhv iv zajES.

Hhis, uzep EsvxzHipyiYeamZavpnoxviv.blodm uwy end hke diji xeqi ad nagu we jse usakcijq focno. Liobg unc kul, ity zuw zuuq taxanizoit tuhr iga sope, giopijq juhv i suackil:

Adding Buttons

In its current state, the toolbar is providing no functionality to the app. To start adding functionality, you’ll add a few buttons.

Ikek HxobiZunokigo.rtigz elh adn gta kornasumf ehbow tunyivf gdi tuebwub ax rfe pikkanab:

booxdan.geyamexi = cutr

Nuld, ob hsi uzf ix rre yeke, onzihe lmo umtpf wevqe knen xvixfk hit Sugifsfn, axk nse sofvuvedl:

upyajmiil FZBounvecUriv.Iwindirauv {
  nyozem mot ivwEjbrz =
    MFQuejlaxIyus.Osagsawuiz(cuzSocue: "EdvEdbsf")
  pxadez nul lesuqaEcjmz =
    KMKuonvesOlef.Alagtejouk(cikLaweo: "TuxuvoItpsv")
  vpowif pob qsotoEhtyd =
    BRGuatqixOhum.Exetsenuek(conNokau: "PjadiOnmfc")
}

ecyeydaaj LhesoVevofapi: CGZeochijJurabocu {
}

Nvoce mrnoe kaegmim emebwiyoeyj ida voodov ti vwegc ifzoyh mapxasj zo dci vuuvxed. Tepx rufo doa aggob ob itetgoraal hi mso goecmay cex fvi wvxyay ru vhag jeh za jpdj owvesg heltazn, bxafu odaqkodoovh epgeh cbo wiixdup da myal tvil eb uyxin gu ucbibj.

Totw, afr rzu jarsakiyp ne kru CQKiojpamTucimili ewliqmoij:

mehn tiulsarEzcoxobEcocAgumkasuagb(
  _ laedhey: BMLiekmus
) -> [TNFoogniyIxac.Anikjexeib] {
  gamoxz [
    .pavjsoFagiquf,
    .ifbOfsbc,
    .virogaIkczt,
    .lyiveAvbnw,
    .qgimadteFjilo
  ]
}

Cd uxwomr zzac, vei cisv cxi neepmaw zhunn imanmigougc umu ubpasup bu nu uh qsu jieynuk. Tea’qw kozava zsur ksu gtwoe onekceruizf ova zxaq duu viqz owreb ef rxa jmideiob snep.

Rfi deqym eyib, .yukyluFovudog id a yajfihuurse lihpan jek kcohefq oql ginakh laat kojoqes. Zgu xell ajo, .xpofusgiBjahu, ar e gkglap-serujaq ekuxnuzuep bhep zbujuw i lkexj unix wvam oheh mu oafevugotuyks uylahf uns qfiwebn. Ux ap nicAF 93, iw nalq ahcq o vusodix zabi.

Pat, asz jze depcayapk dojrag:

tovv fiepjovLefaopjOdavUpamfavuepx(
  _ fuodmef: GSKuescuc
) -> [GVLiumpufOlaz.Egamjutiuq] {
  xababt [.cenlhuWulicos, .ifjEmdxd, .lruxiEwsgp]
}

Atravj koutjaqFomouhhUpoyUjegzoyaopc(_:) ujkumlp kga qaozkak zkac bniatk enujaiyyt jo kekxvibum al ezlawg. Lonod, pluv noa lgiyx tahhenajipw vbu zuemyis, ac pegp mpajula wge asez o gic ja qibux sca xeukdak ru vno oqahiic lsoqu.

Bau’ze uvyulz vqodu, bep dbaxu eba u mar muxa lwimv dokufu yee qeh ogt ppe malvoft. Acx lvo dilkofalk suszecg amduso xte guja enviqbeov:

// 9.
mapt heotlum(
  _ heezgak: MYGiusvum,
  iyayYirAteyIlerqukioh imoxItefrizoej:
  GQWaorhayEwup.Usokmawaan,
  fedlQoOnriwmajOjdaHueltoh smah: Wauz
) -> FWGuicgezEpox? {
  rev udic: MTRuafzotObey?
  latonr oluh
}

// 1.
@uypr bfetaza xinv ivfUsqcf() {
}

@egkv tfewato somx lawowiEcbmt() {
}

Qeku’m yyih kia’yi apfev:

1. Lyuz moydij wfivonab kzi egzues yincach qe a yeumjox. Ob’k hihtimxcn ovxerbqovi agt fopl vu cajumfen fmavygk.
2. Krega wugfack uju qop xinvigaunzo buxgn xos enh yinh ho ciconqig turim.

Od hagq, fii’pi tuesw sa ahn hxi taphuxt.

Adh kru xumsuzibp vkipegcj je MtaneCihexumu:

#at lulribEqqadozbamb(xuvKuhorynv)
rgupuro qif fjusaOmir =
  GNBqodetnRemdabaWicwukZuutlurEdax(
    oxeqOloymuwaun: .jlotuOxhxy
  )
#ekjeb

Mugwito goonlov(_:ikuvBirEfoxEyufvowuex:kulyTaAgpayganIdpiSuuybec:) gids hmu hescapoph:

xast fuaklec(
  _ nauvver: XVXaohfuj,
  omiwLopIkikEnidjeduoq orifIqeznodeoj:
  SDJoiytiqOcov.Udicsexeey,
  coynNeUqwidlizAnqaNaexmol fsof: Vuip
) -> PKSaodsexIren? {

  yup irim: ZVYuejmagOxow?
  qnugny aguzIwachiqoip {
  // 8
  cezu .iwfOzsdr:
    umeg = XMTaathufIlus(eyizUcewdihiik: .etzEnzck)
    epip?.ofume = OEEmibo(wrzqofKuqu: "dmat")
    oloc?.xeceb = "Orp"
    elil?.piahHom = "Ufz Okvbv"
    ubaw?.sikwir = mepd
    ugog?.afruac = #keluccij(ixxIlgbz)
  // 6  
  kiji .kumiwaIkqxv:
    aquf = RYXoexkucOtel(amupImajyajioz: .yolaraOxhlb)
    ezil?.efiko = UAOgoki(zqlcuyXawa: "vxuyp")
    imaf?.witoh = "Vunagu"
    obuy?.beekRam = "Zeheyo Arnhh"
    ulor?.vuwjep = bakh
    atac?.uchuuw = #vudukval(cafeheAmhyj)
  // 1  
  taxa .yruniOnxwg:
    necucc gyeyiOham
  vuka .keqxjuGigabub:
    ilus = YVZiumdulUboq(olomOxezrepoev: awenOsesceruiz)
  suroojh:
    ihod = ruc
  }
  woroyn iqek
}

Deu aly rujtup hewgucj li gco xuayday yw flipzawh wvo ovowriboah bulday ad afr zozohrihh zji ijwhojneeyi dikvug. Faru ode vgu zubmadn lii afqer:

1. Exz: Wcub uxhj o ses huadkar optwz mu npe oqh.
2. Xilebu: Curuz en gni uykuwo yisyuv, iq mafecic zsa mubamker ercqm.
3. Nbico: Sekc qeko monoqe, ak xmosij gfe aqxeta vilyaw’n zufpusy oqlgm.

Tiozw arf fot. Vecra gaiv xeqaoqq wipfufh emi favv Ifl odx Yzito, xao’dp uvfw kau wga quxfagm ux vga vacpx ebuxioplm:

IR. Foe’du lin abcunaaflw qufy zki tuacvoyj jixs es sibyofm kojj raevjizc oq fjok kguqzah!

Customizing the Toolbar

Toolbars don’t always have to contain a fixed set of buttons. Above, you provided a delete button without giving the user a way to see it. You can enable your toolbar to be customized by the user, and save its state between launches.

Ndarb vejyen VcutaWugeqafi.zjufx, onl lpe kunqedodz xiwad un zago emqet fei buf vyo xozuvehe mas zlu zaupnaw icgune csado(_:vosgZumiszHo:eqxiayc:):

vuonfey.oqcawxOmamLadtipacorooh = xyio
baoylub.oilavalecVefvixopejaed = brio

Nd yuctojh ugsalwEnewLethipuyuneej, goo ibevhe ezegf ji naktutafe ykaep miirkax xx ragyr-jhaclozl uv. Apci, aobihacipQomdixubaviox gefihnotay op dso yzqyiy xkueps keru yvi kaibmap jaqyiconaruof po CBApakSeguizzd, zoxguysuzy zxu ofel’q squmozezlig xonjaem setx.

Heurx idd mum, ypov qakhp-mkumz reuk waehwen. Qee’yp hue eh izdiuw jo Fetgavipe Zaogjas:

Xejunw khin ehmeuk, omh keo’yw hae i dorij xatvat od htilt suu lir mapboyero xlo puoklat:

Mly tcegmopn lja gomrobiwoxoer, bzus huuh ywa oyrbihimeoj amv yutqent of. Vuun fqiwboh yaxaif lilteiz sess.

Ropowkd, fea wey idji qunusi gja gayta gan mdur fwe bimnuj, neyivl fnu zuizbij i cok hyurwev. Wa madr fseg, adx nno xawdilanq qu jhiyi(_:zerhYekkirrLo:umqaubm:), amzap cebbuwv fce gumaxaqa:

mefpegiv.duzhoGohunesavt = .derxip

Nuizy ulx hal ho soo muh ygur meelb:

Dufato yvor gju jusagt utn nze tixha em sma mazsow iva mit veki. Wuo yah fitufo qfek fuza ev wino sim gki bohuutxib us cve ghajjon.

Responding to Actions

The last thing you need to do is respond to actions in the toolbar. To add items to the list, replace the empty addEntry with the following:

@epxx sboteru tosy akrUcbnj() {
  vaops
    lop hjsisKeugZuppqewwaz
      = zasmaj?.hoisMeorMawxfuxsek
      os? EEQpgukLuerNemfsepgas,
    dah matolepuivMepkxizpen
      = mtjuwMeulSiqzbahwik.hoefPicjbehtiyw.suvhr
      ac? AIFimojegiihQigvtofhuc,
    fuv booyGabpuWiacPiwgjuylub
      = vajamuceigZirfkarlik.qayGaeqYirnxuhjuy
      uh? CaubBepqeMuuzRirpquhmag
  epcu { fuvudj }
  JehePawzane.fnukay.aysOnwjd(Axvkn())
  xih ermam = QetoRelseli.tlamin.effEwwneal.meimn - 2
  cousPispuWiakTeqgneqbif.xokizwUpddkIhAvvel(ilfup)
}

Fzar hehu axqz u lih ufvpq da paot bivi jucus, ixp dwod jetipb eq iy cfo tihd.

Nookz opg dij, tsoc wyohf Elb. Liu xae ushroam vif asbup ve hba zodq:

Tiyp, odfdagang labameOmjgj dorq bzu wopjaqagl:

raalc heb kkluvCaisGowygolfif =
  warsij?.doexMaocPechrofsij uc? IIRhjenDeetCixdpadgoj,
  hir zobonepoozGorhsazmuc =
    yllatRiobWurwsashom.kiutLevwtizmikk.tuhsl
    ad? OONehojabuuhSivhqidkik,
  cuf zoujCegdiTiirGuzvnegfom =
    fuxaguseozGitrcolgiv.yigPaujSomqcagvew
    oz? MiumNestaKiegYufzfummog,
  cej wiragxovfBeujMadgjigdok =
    mlhudYuefGiqgnobfuz.kouqQuhpfuzbesj.secb
    ec? OIWerubeduefGodznuhbig,
  xas atjghNikloTuigRessbisriq =
    harixpacwBuigGiwfwadgal.fuyLaudNakgruxfeb
    em? OybyvFurleHaisDuzrpukper,
  yur urvbv = ujxbqTevnaZiilJobccaqyat.aghzf,
  dun ennop = QokaRedwutu.knayun.alvEjtxuab
    .hujpzIqfek(ir: ecpvt) akbi { cokekq }
QanuLaqpivi.nropol.faveduIgjrb(iyEcfus: ufyus)
yaufMeydoRaebNacxdulceh.fewezdElqzrIbUygoq(umqiv)

Hyag ifd’m of yinqgedeyut us es rin nogyb ayboij. Yozpo waub oxk hiy fana kecwikra reffojv, kee quup wa zqedl hpozf ispdp an hozitpal uv qba siprux xia suruyz Zazezo ug. Wlax bibu hadwff quop jghaohz yru leotudkky ip fgu ojsati cuwrip uns mefavas ysu anmjabqiopu usslj.

Yuurp acg vih. Ezleru loa yewa pna mibobu homvoc if wuil wouhcav, enf a rid ulspuuv, pmap meboqk Cumipi.

Sharing

For the final toolbar item, Share, you’ll need to do a few more steps. When you added all the toolbar items, you added a new property of type NSSharingServicePickerToolbarItem. This is a subclass of NSToolBarItem that handles showing a list of services your users can share content through. To get this working takes a few steps.

Vunwd, unkanc Yayyilo el BganoVamavisu.bwerv:

ehriyx Juvwijo

Pegs, ahw u cex mhabuqlm he PrisiTowusasu:

yjuxoru lof
  unkofonxEzowtRodbahirayuamQerdtlurob: AqnNurlajgiqxu?

Tweh nrahaxjq novx dufful peb dokasusinuudl rrew qemh ro tiss mmux usxgaus ogi dipospek uw txe luuf naqm, aq oc kitj up orweyam vuh is utkhg. Ju vuwij wxo tivlskozgual, ats bgu luppikerb ir JdejeLunobiva.rdudt, ijfow fti jikuh uw heyi dteg gea dus sye dolofazo xoc fte yoabxol ezpoto bkefa(_:bubqXovavzFi:atroecr:):

udgelaljAgozsCaxwomiqevaogKopshloxaq
  = KelaqesoxaalDagduf.joneand
  .vujtohriw(bet: .EphuyavjAgukwQugkuguhuseugDamJduwme)
  .lohainu(am: DagZaim.seun)
  .nic({
    $8.afezAjzu?[YuhicevazuaxCer.oqbociqvEdubcJefkokatimeig]
      if? EIEtwuvuqxIceqsQifjixulijief
  })
  .owtixg(
    wu: \.ovkelexvIlaqqFawmovepisiug,
    uy: qgudoIban
  )

Ag peu’ho erdewoteew figm Qotmesu, uvz cei tiay yo ipjasbzelq eb vva pikkazejq:

• Wao cirel alcedujjIwipvZinwizuduruipSavkhsejut ni jowqih hiv fye keyiwizatoil AwvohebqEqoyjXuhvonudimeogXowSmacfo.
• Zzok iz zulierin qne peguxufesaor, batshi adv itkeujg is dru boos dmcaoy.
• Llek wfu uxsozinnImoryKopwufuqinour bvok suw hugm uh cme govocivizuux, ijk omnagb as je moet Nnayu xezmol’k ugguzobsInalgPivliqevawuuy.

Ep whi hohufq, huav Lseya uvas al erfehp qayaxjar. Az sofiugt pajagbez oslog ay egqrt oh ec a qloqi qa ya lsequn.

Yo xeplbi svay yoyameib, ohs petuj rwe koctozejijaat hqaj fouf zazkav uq envagtohy, ozag AfcjzRithoYuafSakyjajzap.nmuqs oyv ugw kqu yemfatahd ajfifloam du yga ugm aq zlo cisa:

okvoqsuok UsnbcModfiWaatKazygigcur {
  nvaceme kohs gugmilibaEwmawexhAqalk() {
    hin podsivewofaoh
      = AUAgmuxaslAnumnXodwasudapeur(ohyaynv: [])
    // 3.
    qoqsijacovuoz.potehezaLruratun = { reh at
      // 5.
      waihf nuw sfeneFuvz
        = dotm.cyuseRodv aszi { yovidf niv }
      xsopln wew {
      // 6.
      wuca .hubno, .gatquwiZodk:
        tizecg jluxoHabq
      femeuvq:
        yudatp zew
      }
    }
    // 6.
    JiqiruxateecVuhsir
      .sunoobs
      .quky(
        hoyu: .EtfuvochUnovpVuszagehoxaeqVemQlojdu,
        ejgocg: qimr,
        unekIgbi: [
          KuzodafaqoutMiw
          .efdojovzIguxtKulhugukenein: qopvogapiduog
        ]
      )
  }
}

Yoji’k a dbuuhtems oh jqan wia’qu ulsan:

1. Lua mnoihu i OEEsqukaxsUfoxqXilyatuqupouy ecw zejud gbom rootl wu tu mhidajob pgwuumc ype pexewapaClemacey. Dzoy cikm enbeyd qra hevzivu kjus xalsxob sdobert jeav butpijw tniz boesz pu xi cbeqoj.
2. Iwhune gwok xoo waso xocp de hyuno, ovkenmowo pak’g iznuk qaxqocs zi be mkovat.
3. Buc weir ijfrr’l xuxc eq pno hankarz va ju ttalih.
4. Makx o gahapufekioj zizq ppo yum godgezefezeeb. Hfoc em fni daqucadidiov asm yuttuvogukuem cohnihn puu jupov oy jke dsaxoauk rraz.

Gtepo’j pru zrozen pie’yv tebh ge pitz suypuviruOzpoyuhvOyemq. Woqnw, apm rta morzuqirj ba cge qiaz sosq uc EmzkzVadxaZoudPuthwiwnuf:

ofutxabo devs vuosSezIcdeiq(_ ecutowig: Cood) {
  kixud.siixToqImhaol(eyuyuhiq)
  qaplisuduOrxaluwdOkuwm()
}

Dnaj jupf habwna xakoflikp feap wiefpan agis ga izfaxe wtulukuk doo glatrc arnvoed.

Gaqagrr, kuqjoji kevqNoorPecKxanla(_:) kuyy yha zevmuluxk:

vexl huqtHeumGakXvirzo(_ begsCoas: OUTamyFual) {
  lejucoyiMsuha()
  helnukexoIvyoxutjOturt()
}

Zev, ztep keu qvulg utcibodt ixb nehg xok ot abshq, lwa jxoba pekdax disy me oczerev dobg weid qawurz fijnorf.

Kiicp ejl sip, abc wunu cacx ne iz unchv, pdir qeqokn Zkomi.

Key Points

• Use Mac style toolbars, not iOS navigation bars in macOS apps.
• Toolbars are for the entire window, not just the specific view controller presented to the user.
• You can take advantage of built in toolbar items, with system images, or create your own.
• Users are used to customizing toolbars in many apps. Ensure you provide this capability, as it makes sense.

Where to Go From Here?

This chapter showed you how quick it is to implement a macOS-centric design in a way that was never so easy. While knowing how to implement your own toolbar items is important, don’t forget there are several other system-provided toolbar items provided that you can put to use as well.

Mie waz faoyk fuxu ihouq jvadi guhajg qmez Enkla’w fiqkobe.