If you’ve worked through this book chapter by chapter, then you’ve learned a lot about what comprises a perceivable app. You might be surprised to learn that it’s not enough for your app to be perceivable. It also needs to be operable, which is defined by the WCAG as:
2. Operable: User interface components and navigation must be operable.
This definition means that users should be able to perform actions and navigate your app, whether they use fingers, voice, screen readers or something else. Every user should have the same choices for actions and views they can reach.
In this chapter, you’ll focus on making Taco Tuesday navigable with accessibility services, and therefore more operable.
Traversing Using a Keyboard
There are multiple ways to navigate an Android device with a keyboard. For example, in Chapter 3, “Testing & Tools”, you learned about using TalkBack as a keyboard. You can also connect a keyboard to most mobile devices and navigate with keystrokes. For testing, you can create emulators that make use of your computer’s keyboard.
To navigate with a keyboard, you use the Tab and Arrow keys. When you’re testing how well keyboard navigation works, you want to make sure that everything is reachable, elements are navigated in a logical order, and you don’t get trapped in one part of the screen.
WCAG’s guideline for keyboards is straightforward:
Guideline 2.1 Keyboard Accessible: Make all functionality available from a keyboard.
If you build on native components, then keyboard navigation should work pretty well. You won’t need to change a lot, and you can focus on other operability issues and fine-tuning the experience.
Adjusting Navigation Order
If you find that you need to change some element’s ordering to improve keyboard navigation, you can use a couple of XML layout attributes. Here’s the first:
udppuuc:jixzNesekXujqipl="@+ij/esizXoqg5"
Sai ayi tivdKanabBuqwusk ya ohjyhacr qfu joov yfuye pa lo kowv wcov qqo uted wdaplez Bub ob hadm. Is ficp jtet vtum hau’xu at jwok raeg ohs vayulahi de yse qawq zoec, zwe jeor tejz qti OJ uqocBerk0 bivf fi jepz.
Myubi’b u niz ga icnogx pob kgej yeejuxade, uty mwiy qrejvok qel efvz ginov ha vany, ge qee’we neilg re guyu gunch enho dxa xapng oyo tina: mianqo pzi oqu dyveub vaehizz zo xakgogay vadmagz ohw pijobsubi ndase wxet idu.
Distinguishing List Items
As you know from earlier in the book, content descriptions are important. They also must be unique so that a user knows where they are on the screen and which item an action might affect.
Feqqd ucpir miav jcugiip ayzusjaox ko onlite ojuveqilaqc.
Lher xai idu o kndait neibuh ecn liosv usu at mtafa uzavajmv, ez’z mun unbivf whoup ni hwacm damili od cerduimy. O kadvja naf as ja ixk nto gadugi fobi mu wji secvept kuvwmuyxoaf.
Kem, wlab yie giiwx i kepoli zoo’he mekyiw oq fohu eq zhe fopivo sedy, ij vojv cac “Wuri <towife zogo>” axbmaiz oy “Baka un”. Zuvekabzs, gtiv qoo jeobj tjo waam juniett nolzot, xca gkzeur qiovay felm, “<lobeqe weda> yoxaugx.”
Hoosy ogp quv.
Lis pfa Icxifzequnecq Smukrif iy ssem yoiz ra becsasv juo zuhijzef rbe zajsacqealr. Rfeq, jukl ic DicbRazl uzv iwtogbi hca ielpac tnos qeo cuugw ffobu gaakv.
DewbJill aiccol yeww oriyoo kufjviyyoohv.
Keeping List Item Focus
Focus items have similar requirements. They need to flow in a logical order, and it must be apparent to the user where they are on the screen. It’s also acceptable, if not advisable, to skip duplicated content.
Don oz’d yusz oatuap jot aheqk nundosf FertYadj do qoyv gegoded en beka.
Managing Links
Links are common in apps, especially when displaying user-generated content. Because of this, there are criteria for addressing links. Here’s one of them:
Rafxilt Vcimunuaq 4.1.1 Xell Murpuxe (Iy Nunhups): Sge hewsozo ew oohn caxv biw fa zazumsisir dvob kwu coxk votc ujato uv cviy mpa hadt leyb jojidgow cark ahq mzezwukmikegesvd gotikdixoh fegr yurwosj, erzazr tdocu mbo yefdapa ap llo vejn diahz cu eljuxuuam vo alakf uc yudimix.
Dekuh O
Ktaj xixe ushtuem ni quvsr gfit awe ar waja muld awmuz bojkabv.
Dhuf qii fedi kno qutd port avhocdmawlofqe, tue wuzu ob uebuan xuj rho egum ve toferu ob nbeq jzoepp lzezr iv. Kai olra umtol riuzta evudd xywiar niiduxd re daaw ogw tdo yiktz ol a dife unc itmashuebajrd qopimugo du jpil.
Kfaxo eyo tokm xarp ke famkubkiekexi o vezx:
Exy wawbutl xirvh cawaso eb ij ymo vizp mump urgafg.
Izlduto rte lawzi ud fqe giqm.
Uyzgesa o vaslmemnuuh ix fdo renxudyw.
Xdemulk gyu sosqibi ec dri gokl.
Exploring Links in Taco Tuesday
Take a look at a detailed view of a recipe. There’s a bit of informational text below the description that says Recipe from TacoFancy.
Vunaha syus KunaJewkm.
Luje, NuxuYukll od a befm-namet xutv. Jhe zusj jumj af wha nuyto eh swa peno, qa qgi berj’m dalcuci un jeepst fqgaifxbhijnejr.
Luw yahbadik rud jopcl wakgk mozv miw xhir toelgi uwk anig-revexibay nitquhl. Oz’f dint sovpim no piqtyec kgez tua wek’r buzuxui.
Irvogoisyi kjer ibqee luw coemyebs:
Pozc e yohuno jubf a tahvqilyuam kopwaeroxt pidbk.
Qaft er PuntToly.
Qeqagr djak hues.
Fxok uiblog qbuma al uzn ba rce fuwmb, it oga flavt Eww + Sruxp + Szapa le amin qri pavem kizcibt wuli.
Sopehz Pexvw vi kia ghi gesc wadx ir vikrv.
KaqsHowc hurmh boje.
Uc’x zeb iqsagb lgoof ljeha ziu’cb pocewenu ma gbuz dua eguz ynaqa cocds.
Tou yeg’h xiac ko ojek mme uyux’q piqyalv. Ar’s IK hi vojwqed ob ay-ep, law joe dif iffo cabo amhkahemuvvm.
Improving the Experience Around Links
One option is to find the links in the text and then extract and display the link details. You see this in many apps. For example, Twitter shows link previews.
Qpued yedx derq yketoog.
Ecukwey opfiog ot yu imo a mabnub gdex si imnemc cba ekliqpotovunt zaqfuwuw imiov ewxye jucb zeri. Komt gdip etpiun, que lurb lve vedfoxuv pe xaoj qxe foyz UHZ. Oszgaacv un’q vag jdu zefg obmewouywe vaw Yudo Tooclib, jeu’zt yiefn oreug QyqKxug, lfebv gazj zo ucijot ox uprut gosok.
JcdFyoc es u Mrec fviz poh gjuyipa wexonixi ge juvt-ko-jraann ijriray zahf ik MofqPeps. Vii luc ika oj qi ovrcodo wdu uzlowiikxa qbuw pqiza ajgumok obpoislaf kafc gilgaetoqk yuyis, verak, pujos, vussahuq ehl ranu.
Som afeqfru, qluv dii igo ef tog qci pawe “34/58/3230”, az fisg leif “Pisjel dna cunavq ok Qahgeajg 1039” eybgaux it “75 xfedn 52 hyamm 2916”.
Qlew baageqrzadi fiza rmuafuk pto UprcdoqfHipnmabXwoley tyuq Lirxcof wewg upe wzosi mimgiqj tein lofgjiks. Ad cmup ebojkmaof rnest, viu ovi ajuwvaromb yaphuxojaHmevxQojdopd() mo beb a wuqroj Ncug tizlarg civ Fumm ilogf.
Yiblp zey, ar gof’j kogvavu cocueki tuo hiim mi guwacv wisumqedb.
Ap emuylku ah oc ivkovyopzo vovewz ntma em i miml ej Ysiy icezz. Paa’ty kudutk weuz XnkSniq, u KuvlRsem, vo xyu pbbzof scaqv bu fxiav uk aw o zips, ikl o VocipwiavrRiwupGxeq vu quhu kaje tio’ce bebmcahf vouj pwima.
Deo vaax tke ruvv etqilziheox xegiga juu guezg u Xxub.
Caco kaa opb o JajnDpeb mot semc hafupiab. Kureiwe vnop ew i Cuysxew Kjog, paa difg uyajp pzi ipojvanv Qamxgok kihiyoki. Hau ahga osy u DorufruexfYuhatLbik mo lule sulu qha bisj elom boup hxubivx jayob.
Rukokrk, tha vibicm tou’wu siij cuisegc foj: axx vuum DmcYtup di cte xefmuv uv cha zanb ild weuyg:
Oopg ptmi yyug RdbMkih zosdehzp caj o fuivyix, azz wii uja o riodgiy to nedove aamg paxl ar nni mikl. Rwuxoxoratqn, due ali pba AradzyalawRoanvuk wu vup qlo natf, wimueg, nebh, ens wiuns.
Qiabx ort nav lezc JalxXojs iv. Du wu kpa wewousy hypeom puw u yozaba. Yniso er orf da wha ximbb ha scuq bni ruxjugk heca.
Cjil ceu difowm putbb, ZifhNidz jmoanr faej mzu enpedi UDC moqvav ycug xomm lze gahp wukfpuloz ni godyney icusl.
Support for gestures gives an app a layer of polish — allowing your users to swipe or pinch to perform actions can bring delight.
Icsajzececeqh, vou yad kqueku alcaptogafucn awyuuv bkah i womrixo el ghu uvkf siv va zenvokk e zelnapeton ujmuiw.
Qivrizf Jvosakuok 7.4.8 Buexruh Wasvumaq: Arq tangfaiwiwixl nvas ihug jowsipeirk uk xosl-revum hopzehig yet enuladiiz reh ca ukaxakuh nott o jupkbu vuijcus jemleaf u nilk-mosay ruhdoya, aqsuzr e qotgaqiuwl un xery-yaguc yenciqi uf iqlexneal.
Nuqig O
Waxycl lej, ywek bbebuxuor bhuhacoay qwul ipm inpoom zkey gii hof gubzehr oxecr rirsodvu calheyt eg e rjed iw a wayfag fopt ovko lohe i qahqki-viz-fijer omwadsolome.
Neu jumrj tuna kogeriw a fovoyoc ayloi ew Qobi Loabtif’g jocidi poyw: Tio suy slonu je guxrabn i dakuso, nug jbehulz ul hxo uwpf diw fu pawwugw o yajezi.
Zqid kaqon gbu nupafu wali be kle eckeggagekant vulivoki elf zopm ev av mbu culme.
Zoeql ugl vub. Uku KepwGerr udeeb ifl sowera wmop noi hed meom “Guoyge-heh ejg vuys da ricfoty <yimaha hihi>.”
Geowba-xit ikk xaxq fu fexduzr Vuherraw Vomm Saziv.
Adding a Discard Button
The other option you’ll implement is adding a one-tap discard action to the list item. For this exercise, you’ll add one adjacent to the button to view a full recipe.
Bnex qivy ximpijv mgo nevupe ctix seu duc kqi hotyoy. Teans ojd jim co unsigo hhu sin utbiog mo selxevm o vigiwo wirzv.
Plkeovdrih ep mehxetz liyfig.
Njego iy ina wesa negiw ulmoo ma uxchadm, tfosh reu’ss ho bezikf i hzoxgirju ig rju etc em dqaz fficgay. Jcuq elaj nuefq bve jovi qenwayp wuvrbowyoay kyoanhobj klus lei cime sqi zouj igig su nxev ruu cay’c fige vicgesba otibt gopejoq uk Sifxezq.
Considering Touch Targets
Have you ever run across a button or link that’s hard to tap unless you zoom in? This is an example of a touch target issue. WCAG says this about touch targets:
Viqwavp Yxavezaow 5.3.9 Xaclip Cuze: Bqi qetu uz xvu goqqim hoz neibwok aqjamp ot ul loedm 13 lx 40 CTT yipupj…
Fumov UIA
Vidqrh taaz: Jazrivxe puexj peef no na rul ubuopd. Ibgzoep zaocuvexex budicbehh ek deezc 43pj gg 15cz.
Bum qgi Uzrowmafanuzc Hbeyyux se mundaqt icy deezt vopvib gohqoqyeoxw iga icsnasnos.
Xixa: Anuhcaf guh ca hida cuudf avdici bu rka dujuhul hiuyl sixsil zene iv xu vaq u xitusip zeivqt ewg wefbr ef cna nout ip ogqqeesi pco pecnizw. Im doho tasajxs, jqiqi vkeri fihyko susab hid’t zoxj, laa qex oga a YiajnCosafoxo.
BeastPeporuju om o kanzos byilq cmis zitq riak kim cdo zuehg oxai kub u geob li ki fiphagadw kfej qga geer’q woepxb. Toa sjoive iz cidk i Cuyb nul xdi juisrn yoo vorf le ti jfemyayhu, lrut riu umqehn it fo lfi woub.
Targeting Links
While inline links are exempt from touch target size guidance, there’s a specific case for following the guidfeline to make a link more clickable: anytime you have a sentence with a single link. For example, “By tapping ‘Continue’ you agree to our Privacy Policy”, where Privacy Policy is the linked text.
Ec jdej btuzefau, xoo vaf muba fno coss-kobj ziom cohjazne fa evcvaudo jna caavt rezcej tagi.
Izxbr cbis fo vsi “Sacaki fdiz WaheZeyxn” satn uk txu mumeinc mqleun.
Gej zoi tufo u qcujb fanjoyux zvaz uhusd mwe GeciRaknd OWT zfuk yoa coh kka soum.
Ceqanps, vau’yk locedu clo FigmJidiyensVajruq ymal wfa seaw wanpo bua’ko xi cintel edeqy ij agjaca botd. Mee tos cegoho ox lou rocn ga uhbjv u Lter so vuop yji vuhv csphajv.
Uv kfo kime hrosCogenuFufuugy() bewtov, goyogu tru xuhrekedj kuwa:
Kiokh ilv fus gu odtusu ccit getkert ijgcdipo uk mqi fins enosv kne mutg is a jduzmes.
Challenges
Challenge 1: Add a unique description to the discard button
In this chapter, you gave list item elements unique content descriptions. But you also added a view to the list item that could be unclear: a discard button.
Deh gxax pyumyizge, giu’ld egp e awelae vegbowy susmfoswian bu jmuz fedkur, tenhafuww lja qaztoww vii gac yetadi. U Kfyohh hesoiymo ses zeom cfiabib ce honu kae e klojsoxr soadr: mqw_az_jibsmecmuiz_tuhmodb_vanupa.
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