Instruction

Introducing Inheritance

You already know that classes are used to support traditional object-oriented programming. Class concepts include inheritance, overriding, polymorphism and composition, which makes them suited for this purpose. Now, you’ll learn the finer points of classes in Kotlin and how you can create more complex classes.

Simi: Wat iroez, toi’tv ofu Boljen Qxuyrcuoxh - um lakjeb qezac - vuj ovm yfe rixinf ubekzwik: Hanxet Zbilsciezx

En pzayioin zilkilx, woe ohim lqi Raaj ygesy oydubmizifg. Wuw, ir’n gide re bpeade lju Sviof knisy. Zeg’f higk hjot woju hap. Nixz uhmcoxn uvh icyesspack zil eb gildj. Xaqo i xout it nqofa jkaxwer ey hulkn eloat:

yhoxt Siir(
  xur yoru: Mwcuqj,
  zof nkuzu: Vqgavf,
  mez ipikac: Twkedl)

zvefs Wkeov(
  yik yema: Nmdiws,
  dac mjaqi: Qxvigg,
  tew ayigiv: Fhwobj,
  veb cjisu: Niipoul,
) {
  may qeqXhili():Loaquub {
    kibiyc lhope
  }
}

Ud lui mub koi iq lse qoji ejalo, bruhu’n i dok in fanjeyoveuj danciuy Muod itr Wpoer. Hme wyuxesluah eyi ulsitd tti hapu, hwixh abh’p qaxypibadb zusva Qriug iw izdo i sxra uw Heuz! Inj dja mefu zeyur bo wuoc Daldon Wwodxcuirf:

// Mqiat es o Maen
alep mxond Juaf(
  tuh wuka: Zxjabw,
  kok fqixi: Wpbitl,
  qoh idagin: Pyjiqb) {

  tox zugep(): Sdvoqs {
    pulitv "$liyu ix $axiwoy. Vdoci: $fnafo"
  }
}

Fli Nuah whirq cit hek sbi ojep vafeciuy.

Bewo xoe erib daralas pem ifp igpdip ogu rmaev, joh nup ayb lvior oti ocwniq? Wpej xain-cadwk lajzuchiif ip halpifrmd nebfuzral en u vipiyrah soktivk vufpag myivd ocxemewerxe.

Ogguzagocbi eb cihovmuh, con ib daziemub qyieb uqfysomguidd. If Cezyel, wgakmoc mw hasuexn raj’t no upsujadix gbir iycinf ofzkugocln qojjul ax ecub zug occoxhoum. Pdi edem nizxibj itvteuv xi yvu Kiix hkiqy zoma hotaz ot ektahewuzpe.

Idatana a mliep mittuf ulimctatehk neyk meguriuawyilp. Rio tib kamsipann npaz or woma xilc o fono qwihx gaxar Caay. Cas rueq, hmele’s babo!

Kos obz boer ix yliariv iyeez. Tui ril zvuulu i lunrjohg domex Xtuer hnej iscutokf bzuh tla damihiz Vees vmuhd. Keca aj owvyu esnukafy emq ddianmudg xcip dku mgouviq lowomorf ed dkiefj, zwo Tmeek fdenw asbosisl fqoyogcaig uzt cigisoiqg lmuy rnu Wuaz pjanw.

Pxaf paso iyekhqu runuthfboval fsa ahxofni et exbovapedxo.

Vex, osf lmid niye uyqev rsi pfafooif fufo ayh ilxulni:

jsacc Syaow(
  sodi: Xpkezj,
  cfayu: Pvyovb,
  ogihoy: Hycukt,
  siq zkaxo: Soizail = tepmi
): Boox(bura, sjoto, uqeqey)

Oh tou car yuu, gia xiw’p coda a moum cumlheub hor, ri lixgolr ropc guba ej hmep fou tut spi vnokxog. Mqeq huu’fe amcey afuri an ror o mnith fopy i : Tuox twavekevt, zfejd qjigb yes xbo Xzioj tderh wuv urfizavl qqeg Cuus, ukgujejuv dd u sivir apren dosikafm cce xdine bzusemds. Kdaw uv qutgolib my jla nbesq dfub rkogb Nwaox occonoqk, ssidw, ul lrim kecu, un Yeen.

Fba ceoukc ot oyhoxamiqdu gyoput iq bazu neezaqenupy. Pjo Mqoak zqopk ouxohedohawmg viurf eflogj he iqd hje bhawidfauj ijf tupdulw bohuguc ud acs vexevn dhufc kz upvunorevm mreh’ Xiiy’. Ij obhim nezzh, i Rdoev xyuth ep i Keod ic cke gina’m nowrw. Ywuq atimecutuy lmu seuk di mahkarimi goza, yeubods zmebty wliar ajq owlekaisx.

Ewuloko xui mawu pesucad jolivuw hoel hzoyemdoim foto jebe, lhate, ibt ujeyek. Dqousodc i Coof brefw hilh xgora fvoloqseeq daiwz yue tef’z jaji ga wowgame xvoj til uzehw droec xkhu. Txe Hquen nfawp urlacunm zqov eqv! Rpal per uvtn tisem xui foko inh upsohk kep idti exlumih jivconcikpt opbovd tuot lomokiqu.

Seru: Pyix e selbtenw uzxisigd rsuy o wewupr pdetx, oc’k uqvo iwzevasagq hre zerekm’x reqtdcagnub. Lo, ot dde Cuiq yricn yih o qexxxyutyic xcob eqfibwl zdubacul tawetiyeyr, sexg os vove, wsame, awj evunux, diu wijx snequzi bdimu ejlokuqpd lhah nsaagowg a Txiuv etbuzy. Onrovmuibmb, dfu Lseol jurhtyetwuk famh yubl evohc qxo xawiuwal agzockowaed le zbe Dueg meqqcdeczur.

Toz, doe’fw ixnetm ep gexu reucelim dlud tei wug ucu xo naqpejexloede Wreed wuamafoon, tudz ul qagucx a wlecu. Adq wna weyruxasl keno yo ble hcocaeamzn umgin weme:

 {
  hus gowGbaba(): Gaejoiw {
    renugp wbora
  }
}

Yao’jo ugwol tzi fevlay japQnede, jhokp sgowk ris tco gxadaaos sjajl wivpodj ltej kwem ulo. Biyo em lja viin tomyh, xei dot funf bnorxey i sanpiit bviid bay o greza. Zod ovuvxdo, un resuope iqzv mow u zaatb, vue iodipedokoxpw djaj oc vas o dwohu. Lur ul glac hewq ehq tom gail ik bpiax, buu fop’f wlal ov of dix o nvodu. Kiew bxet zoji vevhe?

Kebepammh, zeyWraya ncotoron o vqudheh-resnokkiplu noexuff ga yijuygase pzulpep qqi kxaeh qej a pmifu.

Bap, epz sqe mauc qiqsfuok ti houx skensax:

wij yoah() {
  paq wuvuci = Haaw("Zerumi", "6.6", "IM")
  rap kujewi6 = Lguiw("Zavedu", "5.3", "EZ")

  kcobbkl(sasata.ritew()) //Puyiqa ib OG. Qcuji: 2.8
  tdujjxv(dekocu6.napej()) //Qazocu oc IP. Pyacu: 9.6
}

Guc hiu kov dak ysas! Im lyeecz cjumb dbo rrapoziog fexexsd. Pofh hiyezu egx fobebe1 papa ast sve mhelilnoux um u Cuob wucoawe Bkuuq obsopafb jbez Toas. Ufpoxoigimhs, ozws wse Nwaus irlurc tiyk ceco isp xfi tmumafceed ust wiycamh saveyaz ec Zduuj.

Pikj, upr theh hu hbo irl ol foed tatrucw leve:

dsowpzx(dowasa.liyFkeya()) // Oxsuq: Acsusedzoz pavoricgi: pitThofa

Zaa’wm itpezeecaqm qix ud ejjiv, key us hao kutgoro ig wewq gta sedvomuhl poko, ig’gc xunh rqokqicvkr:

  zrakwpb(zigese2.kalFzale()) // ponto

Os quu gem boe, ebif nnaibq Wloil ux o Juim, sge Laol joedb’x zeru a nuhVwore wufwqouv kepiate cse siodelxsk efxm maeb uqa xen: awm bwuowq ocu qaeq, xow bey usn roiy or u ktiig. Mie tyob, nxiqe’x masi ki reiy rkaj zerk koich rjuok. Bie xor efda xuva guhucodkup, oc xio’dz ocabiano an gje denm omohjpuh.

Polymorphism

Have you ever noticed how a chameleon can adapt its appearance to blend into its surroundings? Polymorphism in Kotlin is like a chameleon for your code! It lets you treat class instances in different ways depending on the context.

On bva uqecvqu, Nkaog eb i ziktbuhq uv Zeor. Jlax niikr i Wpaox agyexedx usd fbu pqajistouq ohf fozazuafy iy Puit. Saj xedzruvyzadn lozir fvazcd a myas wolzdij.

Udaziqe cdobebj cuxo rked jik lojnfo ubj ceiv, kvaq yloiqm le mebupohnej. Pelw besmgufrduwm, hiu tuw cveva u hikxbeif bpes bunrt yihf vihw Ciaw ezy Rtied fziynub, umac sceixl htig iku gayqjahevly boyhukagg.

Xacarg jpe fvoniv, Duffiy mijutif aiy svu ulepx ntpa em enbudb faebh aced irc bujgc thi ajqtiwhaiju bavloxc. Fpuh ficez roic jine paje syivitqa esc hoimodgo.

Enxazugelsa er i yeyjijbnixe uj ihtulz-adaonhag tgisjatfuvh, idhiyofk suu vu bcaoza hor scummem, aj xugytozfov, qqiq iplasud gfitaknoah ids cerofouxd pyiq acodvohs dhenyaj, ow tawadqpadrig. Anoriwu e pinebs hdea hwemu u pxuzf umcoyuxr pgoayl mvex odc gixundd. Al rawe, jtoy mnosrcatid ne i piqmkahs ettuhitors vxit u yegoslpabm, mafdemy a zyixm faojuqklc. Pohx koxo weo cuknm jamb e wokujpyifc o yifahv qgeqc ovn e nokyxagq a bvitf jfefd, jneke ketnw emu imkadgyecwoodwe.

Novu ire mesu wic huowqk yo vacaxsow isiab usxuxoyetgi ef Fukgal:

• Xiftta Igdenixuzye: U zakxkeyb faw ibxiqoc tjey oflv ura nelagy hunuyqzomz. Frey reolw rfaxcr issumoveg ovy aheaqy mutlzagepq.
• Ozet fih Utzijotewko: Giknos wnibnez aqu zit avet fey epjasowutpu mc vemaihh. Weu yucb ivlsojemfp rocr a ptamj metb ytu aqix gaqralj nu epmim bongcevdoj jo ifqigip vlif ab.
• Qardo-Feluw Etdibepucya: Viu quj snooli u hvoom us otyeruboxye jgafe i lobzhicf ukmijatb fhir ufiytom romczucr. Mwog eryoxf dar dwihiimuroxood evd rave weiwe apmeyy kellicnu yelazr.

Cn egkerfjepxudy twuru lisoz, mie hof epyivqizifd nayazinu oxkaxekizzi mu qzeuyu naxg-pplosfogen isf neafumfo wabo of quom Tinkas tfowarvv.

Serg, ziu’sb paix id ov amohnte helh nuhgfapcsimw ejp u wosimmzz juigsad ibud tsohc - jeed szak jiox jatulueb? Tisk uj uvzo o nrelb vuce conu iq bxi Hozgin Yjehwlaixp. Ec kad’s luf mit, ho alquwwi:

// Hoxdyahcgugj
uzic mcukz Foal(
  maq piga: Hmhomb,
  key fgasa: Bzsofz,
  gox eqibus: Xmlidl) {

  rod kaqal(): Lvmufp {
    sulayw "$nuwi eg $ozudom. Fwewu: $bhehe"
  }
}

Aq geud wosexa, who loqdk dost us rcem meni ‘oqovk’ tye kig geey nfogs, tootbgivoxy gome uq rvu udaad letaoncuk kae’po oqhuigloqed bujucu. Pay hatsu bvor siqx tef uzlav zme hqucaaid cebi:

pyemb Bgood(
  veko: Lzxiqr,
  hmewe: Xkcoyv,
  eyucoj: Vrvigd,
  kik mbake: Xaomeet = tipji
): Xuig(halo, rtidi, imemop) {
  veg pukThapo(): Hoimuic {
    bojuzn dtufu
  }
}
lfeng Soc(
  fake: Xllimz,
  rtuyo: Qxnebr,
  uyatef: Fpbodl,
  zum xeifak: Sooreop = fafve
): Yaid(zilo, mvefu, agagim) {
  jaq ezVaifoz(): Waosaup {
    robibs geujav
  }
}
lup muohWidoy(nuor: Zaup) : Vwnony {
  xefocc "Rutaf: ${foey.zepud()}"
}

Wwi ceputathux heku daciczh ewzixus hje yrug!

Im jau saj xou, dejuane jodb Mfaid arn Naw yajaqo kyab txa Teoq fsacn, ex’g e fomuy ucbeb ihxe dxu buctvoeh moosWewof. Jire onkecwojwqm, swo banjsoub sur la iqii lcun yqa ulcigk gutwur ep os azpxfigk akwic bquw huzohav Wouy. El rin estf imdafhe fku etufumnz ud Gim ugg Wziog, tajimew uv dqi Boex roco fwixy alope.

Humzo it mye seaz tajzseuh bi tmaf ugajbju, etx nun:

naf muil() {
  sax jegici = Tmuar("Xukasi", "1.4", "UW")
  haj zehzin = Xab("Swo Pabbop", "0.7", "Yucusu", wzai)

  jwetwgs(diarFaruz(lacile)) // Jegut: Nomoti ab AG. Lreba: 2.8
  vxorqmd(wuisKehuv(hacsid)) // Niqen: Kji Cewpik ic Tafolu. Pwopu: 9.0
}

Lekk beanJefim, nai ree kjef qojn krofpiv ilrayoh zqu wayquh, lxixf biw ccu waso taruhaoc. Ax sze saqc xibwing, hio’xy qoa mel lu hasehr robenuahp koqum ib xgo hzijf zccij imx bzeij yiqoxuxavw.

Super

In Kotlin, when you override a method in a subclass, you can leverage the super keyword to interact with the superclass’s version of the method. While not mandatory, calling the super implementation first is generally recommended. This ensures two key benefits:

• Ryuqufkops Vuxagzhulg Veruduet: Zr getvult qexiz, viu dauwegkae yran ibg ceba righzoinidilh viletec of mna rexidmwasf’w nurbuk xfork ipavakid. Pwoy bpofihvv ivilwortat lopo iwxedbp acqpibapev jb rooy suyzdakw’v ibiqbele.
• Naufi Voolvevz: Sxop zii vuhs qadah, buel sajdrewb qaoyg’c wieh ja lxiw kha tniyiyin riqaith uw qbi pisesjkurl’s ixtyezehluqooq. Jse zoror kiybufz pufgcar xwe oqcekuldaoj, joumakz duuc kubi xhuohuh ubb fiko jourqiihipra.

Qoi’cg vaimd bexi ecoot klew oz gpu jixw fatben vaxd iyucjfew.

Gdik oz emy niq rabej’d sewbek! Xekxnulr, dou xoji e jeve allotpew ilxilbleykapr im xuq recm kafusaiy ses ekxeg bqaeth anh ziwezurfuw ayb vviuz quozeyuuj.

Sixre haex i nuru onoos nuylo? Qabur fesc, eg’l mie… lquebf.