Merging Changes

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Merging

You can merge changes from another branch into your branch or merge your branch into another branch. You can even merge just a few files or changes to files. The branch you merge changes into is called the target branch.

Fast-Forward Merge

In a fast-forward merge, the branch merging in contains changes, but the target branch stayed the same since the merging-in branch was created. In this case, Git adds the changes from the merging-in branch to the head of the target branch. That’s a little confusing but is easier to explain with a diagram:

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True Merge

If changes have been made on both branches since they diverged, Git performs a true merge. As with the fast-forward merge, Git applies the changes from the merging-in branch to the target branch. However, this time, Git creates a new commit with a message about the two branches merging.

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Deleting After Merge

Unless you want to keep the branch for some reason, deleting it after the merge is good practice. The git branch command has a -d option for this.

Conflicts

With a true merge, it’s possible the same lines of a file were changed on both branches. When this happens, Git lets you decide if you want the changes from one, neither, or both of the branches. Resolving conflicts is another place where graphical Git clients are handy.

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